Liquid state DNP of water at 9.2 T: an experimental access to saturation

Abstract

We have performed liquid state (“Overhauser”) Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) experiments at high magnetic field (9.2 T, corresponding to 260 GHz EPR and 400 MHz ¹H-NMR resonance frequency) on aqueous solutions of ¹⁴N-TEMPOL nitroxide radicals. Integrated signal enhancements exceeding −80 were observed for the water protons at microwave superheated temperatures (160 °C) and still −14 at ambient temperatures (45 °C) relevant to biological applications. Different contributions contributing to the DNP enhancement such as saturation factor, leakage factor and sample temperature under microwave irradiation could be determined independently for a high spin concentration of 1 M, allowing the calculation of the coupling factors as a function of temperature and a quantitative comparison of this parameter with values derived from field dependent relaxation measurements or predictions from MD simulation.