Understanding the fast lithium storage performance of hydrogenated TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract

Anatase TiO₂ is considered as one of the promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its nontoxicity, safety, and excellent capacity retention. However, the poor rate capability of TiO₂ electrodes, caused by the low electrical conductivity and lithium diffusion coefficient, strongly hinders its practical application in high power LIBs. Herein, we report on the fast lithium storage performance of hydrogenated anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles (H-TiO₂) prepared by a H₂ plasma treatment. The scan-rate dependence of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis reveals that the improved rate capability of H-TiO₂ results from the enhanced contribution of pseudocapacitive lithium storage on the particle surface. Combined with the structural properties of H-TiO₂, it is suggested that the disordered surface layers and Ti³⁺ species of H-TiO₂ play an important role in the improvement of pseudocapacitive lithium storage. The results help to understand the fast lithium storage performance of H-TiO₂ and might pave the way for further studies of other hydrogenated metal oxide electrodes for high power LIBs.