Fabry–Perot cavity enhanced three-photon luminescence of atomically thin platinum diselenide

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), exhibit intriguing physical properties that lead to both fundamental research and technology development. The recently emerged platinum diselenide (PtSe₂), as a new member of the TMDs, has attracted increasing attention because of its good air stability, large refractive index and high electron mobility. However, being atomically thin significantly hinders its interaction with light, severely limiting the spontaneous or stimulated linear and nonlinear emission. Particularly, its nonlinear up-converted emission has not been fully exploited yet. Here, we experimentally observed the distinct enhancement of nonlinear up-converted luminescence of CVD-grown PtSe₂ atomic layers on a SiO₂/Si substrate with the assistance of the Fabry–Perot cavity resonance. The laser irradiance dependent luminescence study reveals the three-photon process of this nonlinear emission for the first time. Compared with non-resonant excitation, the luminescence enhancement can be up to six times because of the optical interference induced local field enhancement at the excitation wavelength. Leveraging this three-photon luminescence, nonlinear optical imaging and encryption were demonstrated for exploring information security applications. These results will pave the way for integrating nonlinear optical devices with the PtSe₂ 2D material.