Stromal cell-derived factor loaded co-electrospun hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent membranes for wound protection and healing

Abstract

Chronic wounds are one of the key concerns for people with diabetes, frequently leading to infections and non-healing ulcers, and finally resulting in the amputation of limbs/organs. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) is a major chemokine that plays a significant role in tissue repair, vascularization, and wound healing. However, the long-term sustained delivery of SDF1 in a chronic wound environment is a great challenge. In order to facilitate the sustained release of SDF1 in diabetic wounds, it could be incorporated into wound-healing patches. Herein, we report the fabrication of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent fiber-based membrane, where SDF1 was encapsulated inside hydrophilic fibers, and its applicability in wound healing. A co-electrospinning technique was employed for the fabrication of polymeric membranes where PVA and PCL form the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, respectively. Morphological analysis of the developed membranes was conducted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical strength of the membranes was investigated via uniaxial tensile testing. The water uptake capacity of the membranes was also determined to understand the hydrophilicity and exudate uptake capacity of the membranes. To understand the proliferation, viability, and migration of skin-specific cells in the presence of SDF1-loaded membranes, in vitro cell culture experiments were carried out using fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. The results showed the excellent porous morphology of the developed membranes with distinguishable differences in fiber diameters for the PVA and PCL fibers. The developed membranes possessed enough mechanical strength for use as wound-healing membranes. The co-electrospun membranes showed good exudate uptake capacity. The controlled and extended delivery of SDF1 from the developed membranes was observed over a prolonged period. The SDF1-loaded membranes showed enhanced cell proliferation, cell viability, and cell migration. These biocompatible and biodegradable SDF1-loaded bicomponent membranes with excellent exudate uptake capacity, and cell proliferation and cell migration properties can be exploited as a novel wound-dressing membrane aimed at chronic diabetic wounds.