A lithiophilic/lithiophobic ternary alloy anode with Ag concentration gradients guides uniform Li deposition

Abstract

A Li_92.5Cu₅Ag_2.5 ternary alloy anode was designed with controlled lithiophilic/lithiophobic gradients to induce bottom-up Li deposition. The inert metal Cu served as a rigid framework that maintains structural stability, while the lithiophilic metal Ag provided abundant Li deposition sites. Such an ultrathin Li-rich composite anode (Li content as low as 10 mA h cm⁻²) affords stable cycling over 1200 h.