Reactivation of an air-passivated lithium metal anode through halogen regulation

Abstract

A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of the lithium metal anode (LMA) in air. Simultaneously, an effective reactivation strategy was developed using halogen regulation. Specifically, iodine treatment converts the passivation layer of the exposed Li into LiI with fast Li⁺ transport ability, thereby improving the electrochemical performance.