Silver-functionalized bismuth oxide (AgBi2O3) nanoparticles for the superior electrochemical detection of glucose, NO2− and H2O2

Abstract

In this study, silver-functionalized bismuth oxide (AgBi₂O₃) nanoparticles (SBO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a highly efficient hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized SBO nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, P-XRD, XPS, HR-SEM, and HR-TEM analytical methods. It was found that the NPs were in spherical shape and hexagonal crystal phase. The newly prepared SBO electrode was further utilized for the detection of glucose, NO₂⁻ and H₂O₂ by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric methods. The electrodes exhibited high sensitivity (2.153 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² for glucose, 22 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² for NO₂⁻ and 1.72 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² for H₂O₂), low LOD (0.87 μM for glucose, 2.8 μM for NO₂⁻ and 1.15 μM for H₂O₂) and quick response time (3 s for glucose, 2 s for both NO₂⁻ and H₂O₂ respectively). The sensor exhibited outstanding selectivity despite the presence of various interferences. The developed sensor exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. In addition, the sensor was used to measure glucose, H₂O₂ in human serum, and NO₂⁻ in milk and river water samples, demonstrating its potential for use in the real sample.