Synthetic manifestation of trinitro-pyrazolo-2H-1,2,3-triazoles (TNPT) as insensitive energetic materials

Abstract

This study showcases the design and development of a facile method for synthesizing trinitro-pyrazolo-triazole (TNPT) and its derivatives. The synthesized compounds are analysed using multinuclear NMR [¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N] and HRMS analyses. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction studies confirm the structure of some TNPT derivatives. Notably, compounds 8, 9, 11, and 12 exhibit good thermal stability with a decomposition threshold above 250 °C, and show a high level of insensitivity towards impact and friction [impact sensitivity (IS) is more than 25 J and friction sensitivity (FS) is above 180 N]. Compound 12, in particular, displays excellent performance characteristics [density 1.76 g cc⁻¹ (at 298 K), a high detonation velocity (D_v = 8550 m s⁻¹), and good thermal stability (T_d = 280 °C), with high insensitivity towards impact and friction (IS = 35 J; FS = 180 N)]. The Hirshfeld surface analysis study provides further insight into the sensitivity of the TNPT derivatives.