Issue 3, 2024

Harnessing photocatalytic and electrochemical approaches for C–H bond trifluoromethylation and fluoroalkylation

Abstract

Owing to the importance of trifluoromethyl (CF3) and related moieties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, the photoinduced and electrochemically enabled redox functionalisation of C–H bonds has emerged as one of the most efficient, sustainable, and convenient tools to construct the C–Rf (CF3 and fluoroalkyl) bond. Accordingly, several trifluoromethylating reagents such as CF3I, triflyl chloride, Langlois, Umemoto, and Togni reagents serve as excellent trifluoromethyl radical sources under single-electron redox reaction conditions. The analogous fluoroalkylating reagents have also been developed to achieve C–H bond fluoroalkylation. The present article is mainly focused on recent developments in the “photocatalytic and/or electrochemical” redox approaches for direct trifluoromethylation and fluoroalkylation of diverse C–H bonds. The choice of the fluoroalkylating reagent in different photocatalytic and electrochemical systems and the mechanistic overview of such reactions are deliberated. Furthermore, the current limitations and the future prospects of such reactions are also highlighted.

Graphical abstract: Harnessing photocatalytic and electrochemical approaches for C–H bond trifluoromethylation and fluoroalkylation

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
29 Sep 2023
Accepted
12 Dec 2023
First published
14 Dec 2023

Org. Chem. Front., 2024,11, 954-1014

Harnessing photocatalytic and electrochemical approaches for C–H bond trifluoromethylation and fluoroalkylation

R. Shaw, N. Sihag, H. Bhartiya and M. R. Yadav, Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 954 DOI: 10.1039/D3QO01603J

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