Research progress on the application of surfactants in superior electromagnetic wave absorbers

Abstract

The advancement of next-generation communication technologies, such as 5G and 6G, has heightened concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution, thereby driving research into superior electromagnetic wave absorbers. In recent years, surfactants have become crucial in developing efficient absorbers. In this review, firstly, the loss mechanisms of electromagnetic waves are briefly outlined. Secondly, the regulation of surfactants in the growth processes and microstructures of nano-microcrystals and their influence on electromagnetic absorption characteristics are systematically summarized. Thirdly, the effects of surfactants on improving the dispersibility, hydrophobicity, stability, corrosion resistance and other physical and chemical properties of materials are discussed to highlight their role in prolonging the service life of these materials in harsh environments. Finally, future research directions and applications of superior absorbers are proposed.