Metal-free catalyzed oxidative trimerization of indoles by using TEMPO in air: a biomimetic approach to 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,3′-biindolin-3-ones

Abstract

A simple, convenient and efficient metal-free catalyzed oxidative trimeric reaction of indoles toward a variety of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,3′-biindolin-3-one derivatives in moderate to excellent yields has been developed. This transformation proceeds via a tandem oxidative homocoupling reaction by using TEMPO in air as an environmentally benign oxidant. This methodology provides an alternative approach for the direct generation of all-carbon quaternary centers at the C3 position of indoles.