Structural rheology of focal conic domains: a stress-quench experiment

Abstract

We study the dynamics of focal conic domain (FCD) formation in a thermotropic smectic phase under shear stress. It is known that increasing the shear stress induces a non-equilibrium phase transition from a smectic phase with FCDs (SmA_I) to another smectic phase (SmA_II) in which the layers are oriented. By quenching the shear stress from the SmA_II phase to the SmA_I phase, we find three characteristic modes in the FCD formation process. The first mode is attributed to the edge dislocation dynamics induced by climb motions. The second mode results from FCD formation. The first and second modes show slowing down close to the smectic–nematic transition temperature, implying that the dynamics are dominated by dislocation unbinding. The third mode originates from the alignment of FCDs which form oily streaks. Such an alignment occurs when the shear stress balances the line tension of the oily streaks.