A seed-mediated approach to the general and mild synthesis of non-noble metal nanoparticles stabilized by a metal–organic framework for highly efficient catalysis

Abstract

A novel and facile in situ seed-mediated synthetic approach has been developed to reduce non-noble metal precursors (Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, etc.) at room temperature, by taking advantage of a trace amount of noble metal cations (Ag⁺, Pd²⁺, Pt²⁺, Au³⁺, etc.) as a seed/initiator and NH₃BH₃ as a moderate reducing agent. The obtained noble metal-seed-mediated (NMSM) non-noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), stabilized by a metal–organic framework, are low-cost and display superior catalytic activity in the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NH₃BH₃ under ambient conditions. As a representative catalyst, Ag-doped Ni/MIL-101 (with a Ag/Ni molar ratio as low as 1/200), exhibited a much higher activity than any of the other corresponding counterparts.