A PPy/Cu2O molecularly imprinted composite film-based visible light-responsive photoelectrochemical sensor for microcystin-LR

Abstract

In this study, a visible light-responsive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on a PPy/Cu₂O molecularly imprinted composite film for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been fabricated. Uniform Cu₂O nanoparticles were electrodeposited on a pretreated indium-doped tin oxide-coated glass (ITO) by carefully controlling the deposition process and used as a photocatalyst to produce photocurrent under visible light. Subsequently, molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (PPy) was modified on the surface of the Cu₂O/ITO electrode by an electropolymerization process, which created a certain amount of special recognition sites to enhance the selectivity of the electrode to MC-LR. PEC molecular imprinting sensors were used to rapidly analyze MC-LR concentration by determining changes in photocurrent density. The results showed that the change of photocurrent density was linearly proportional to the logarithm of the MC-LR concentration over the ranges from 1.0 ng L⁻¹ to 100 ng L⁻¹ and from 100 ng L⁻¹ to 10.0 μg L⁻¹ with a low detection limit of 0.23 ng L⁻¹ (S/N = 3). Moreover, the PEC sensors exhibited specific selectivity to MC-LR when exposed to certain concentrations of interfering solutions. The constructed PEC sensors demonstrated good applicability in local water systems; this suggested that this promising application of integrating PEC and molecular imprinting technology could be applied to detect other contaminants of emerging concern.