Green one-step synthesis of mushroom-derived carbon dots as fluorescent sensors for Fe3+ detection

Abstract

Blue photoluminescent carbon dots were synthesized from Lentinus polychrous Lèv. via a simple hydrothermal process without additional chemical reagents or functionalization. The carbon dots (hereafter referred to as LCDs) were quasi-spherical with an average diameter of 6.0 nm. The strong fluorescence emissions of LCDs were utilized as the basis of efficient turn-off probes for Fe³⁺. The quenching phenomenon could be used to rapidly determine Fe³⁺ concentrations in the range of 0.0–2.0 mM in aqueous solution, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 16 μM. In the presence of interference, LCDs demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity towards Fe³⁺ in both solution-based and paper-based systems. The LCDs also exhibited excellent photostability and an eco-friendly nature, making them an ideal choice for environmental monitoring with significant potential for diagnostic applications.