Antigenotoxic and cosmetic potential of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) extract: protection against oxidative DNA damage

Abstract

The integrity of the genome is under constant threat from both endogenous and exogenous factors that induce oxidative stress and accelerate ageing. The demand for natural and organic cosmetics is rising due to the harmful effects of synthetic genotoxic agents on human health and the environment. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), a fruit rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, has demonstrated significant antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate elderberry extract's chemical characterization and biological activities in peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to streptonigrin and H₂O₂, both known for causing DNA damage. The antigenotoxic evaluation and antioxidant assays (ABTS and DPPH) were conducted to assess its biological properties. Using the Comet assay enhanced with formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) to detect oxidized purines, we found that elderberry extract significantly reduced DNA damage. These findings suggest that elderberry has potential as a natural alternative to synthetic ingredients in cosmetics, offering protective benefits against DNA damage and contributing to anti-ageing and skin health.