An in-depth physicochemical investigation of drug-loaded core–shell UiO66 nanoMOFs

Abstract

Nanosized UiO66 are among the most studied MOF materials. They have been extensively applied in various areas, such as catalysis, gas absorption, electrochemistry, chemical sensing, and biomedical applications. However, the preparation of stable nano-sized UiO66 for drug delivery applications is challenging because of the high tendency of UiO66 to aggregate during storage. To address this issue, we coated UiO66 with oligomers made of crosslinked cyclodextrins. The coated UiO66 exhibited a good stability upon storage for more than three weeks, even for low quantities of coating materials. The resulting core–shell UiO66 were characterized using a set of complementary methods including microscopies, spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric investigations. Size distribution was assessed by orthogonal methods. Cisplatin was loaded in the core–shell nanoparticles, followed by an in-depth analysis by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This method combines the extremely high elemental selectivity and ultratrace detection limits of mass spectrometry with the capacity of AF4 to differentiate the diverse populations present in the sample. Free cisplatin and UiO66-associated cisplatin could be well separated by AF4. AF4-ICP-MS/MS analysis provided the exact drug loading, without the need of separating the nanoparticles from their suspension media. These data suggest the potential of AF4-ICP-MS/MS in the optimization of drug delivery systems.