Investigation of the surface mechanical properties of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforced PDMS nanocomposites using nanoindentation analysis

Abstract

Functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with different chemical functional groups directly enhances their chemical adhesion and dispersion in viscous polymeric resins such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Nevertheless, the ideal surface polarity (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) for SWCNT to foster stronger chemical bonding with PDMS remains uncertain. This investigation delves into the impact of enhanced SWCNT dispersion within PDMS on the surface mechanical characteristics of this flexible composite system. We use carboxylic acid-functionalized SWCNT (COOH–SWCNT) and silane-functionalized SWCNT (sily–SWCNT), recognized for their hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface polarities, respectively, as reinforcing agents at ultra-low weight percentage loadings: 0.05 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1 wt%. We perform quasi-static nanoindentation analysis employing a Berkovich tip to probe the localized mechanical behavior of PDMS–SWCNT films at an indentation depth of 1 μm. Plastic deformation within the samples, denoted as plastic work (W_p), as well as the elastic modulus (E), hardness (H), and contact stiffness (S_c) of the composites are examined from the force–displacement curves to elucidate the enhancement in the surface mechanical attributes of the composite films.