Mutual suppression of Mn3O4 and SiOx in an innovative anode design for enhanced cycling stability

Abstract

We designed a SiO_x@C/Mn₃O₄ composite material with ultrafine particle size using a simple sol–gel method and calcination process. SiO_x and Mn₃O₄ components produce a mutual suppression effect during the charge/discharge process to mitigate volume expansion and maintain the long-term stability of composite.