Themed collection Nanozymes

This Editorial written by Guest Editors Professors Shaoqin Liu, Vincent Rotello, Asier Unciti-Broceta and Hui Wei introduces the themed collection on nanozymes in Journal of Materials Chemistry B and Nanoscale.

This perspective discusses fundamentally important issues and practically useful viewpoints of platinum-group metal peroxidase mimics from the aspects of materials science and solid-state chemistry.

This mini-review captures the emerging direction of nanozymes and presents a comprehensive overview of dual-atomic site nanozymes. It guides the exploration of next-generation nanozymes and inspires further innovation in the field.

In this minireview, the preparation methods and catalytic mechanisms of MOFs-based nanozymes were mainly described. Furthermore, the applications of MOFs-based nanozymes in the colorimetric sensing platform of heavy metal ions were demonstrated.

Tumor therapy by nanozymes.

+ Different categories of artificial enzymes (nanozymes) according to the type of graphene derivative.

This review categorizes and describes the applications of SAzymes, explores methods for regulating their activity, and provides a comprehensive overview of the biosafety challenges associated with these enzymes.

Nanomaterial-based cancer therapy faces significant limitations due to the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Nucleic acid-modified nanozymes provide hybrid nanostructures that act as sensors, effective catalysts and bioreactor systems, DNA switches and catalysts for nano-biomedical applications.

PtNPs hold great potential as anti-inflammatory agents, regulating the ROS-mediated recruitment and activation of immune system components.

Schematic illustration of 0D nanodrugs for AKI treatment. (a) Pathological features of renal tubular injury and glomerular filtration barrier in AKI. (b) Three categories of 0D nanomaterials applied to nanodrugs surrounding AKI antioxidant therapy.

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidneys is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and is the main reason for the progression of kidney injury.

Prussian blue nanozymes: unlocking new horizons in catalysis and biomedicine – a comprehensive review of the progress, addressing challenges, and exploring limitless opportunities.

This is a systematic review of advances and perspectives of nanozymes in respiratory diseases, which will inspire communities of researchers and build a bridge between nanozymes and respiratory medicine.

Nanozyme-based sensors in the field of healthcare.

In this review, the recent advance in nanozymes to promote diabetic wound healing was summarized from bacterial clearance, glucoregulation, and inflammation elimination.

Nanozymes face challenges in creating high-performance variants quickly. Machine learning shows promise in addressing this obstacle by predicting the activity, selectivity, catalytic mechanisms, optimal structures, and other features of nanozymes.

Nanomaterial-based nanozymes with the activities of different natural enzymes have been applied in tumor therapy and multiple imaging tools to monitor the catalytic activities.

Fluorescent carbon dot nanozymes with multi-enzyme activities can mediate redox biological processes. Various strategies which mimic natural enzymes can be used to improve their catalytic activity and specificity.

Overview of ferritin nanocage and ferritin nanozyme. The ferritin nanocages hold different modified interfaces of protein structure (upper). Ferritin nanozymes show various enzyme-like activities for different biomedical applications (bottom).

A CuCeTA nanozyme was designed as a peroxidase mimic for intelligent colorimetric detection of glyphosate.

Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) are the latest trend in biomaterials research and promote the application of single atoms in biological fields and the realization of protein catalysis in vivo with inorganic nanoparticles.

Peptide–nanoparticle conjugates show hydrolase-like activity, which is tuned by amino acid sequences.

A cascade nanozyme with glucose oxidase and haloperoxidase activities was designed and synthesized, which was shown to generate antiseptic HOBr from a ubiquitous non-ROS, O₂. It successfully inhibited growth of a bacterial pathogen and its biofilm.

A new approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles-enzyme conjugates with enantioselective reductase-like activity has been developed.

This study demonstrates that palladium–platinum bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd@Pt NPs) can be used as the nanozyme for highly sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosis on a multi-layer paper-based analytical device.

DNTzyme with enhanced enzymatic activity and excellent stability was constructed by loading of DNAzyme on DNA nanotubes.

Mitochondria-targeting MOF-based nanozyme alleviating temporomandibular joint pain by inhibiting the TNFα/NF-κB/NEAT1 pathway based on oxidative stress regulation.

Peroxidase (POD)-like nanozymes are an upcoming class of new-generation antibiotics that are efficient for broad-spectrum antibacterial action.

Ultrasmall CaPB NPs fabricated via a simple and feasible route with high yields have promising potential for accelerating wound healing through antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and vascularization promotion.

L-DOPA is widely used in Parkinson's disease treatment. A spherical porous Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon nanozyme was developed for biomimetic synthesis of L-DOPA by emulating tyrosine hydroxylase.

A pH-responsive supramolecular hydrogel encapsulating a CuMnS nanoenzyme catalyst was fabricated for synergistic photothermal–photodynamic–chemotherapy of tumours.

The remediation of coal waste into YGQDs with SOD-specific activity and superoxide ion binding in nanomolar range is reported for the first time. The molecular mechanism of its antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties are confirmed in C6-cells.

A platform of RONs immobilized AChE coupled with an MnO₂-OPD colorimetric assay was established for screening inhibitors.

This study investigated different secondary building units of iron-based metal–organic frameworks and discovered that when combined with an enzyme-encapsulating ZIF-90 PVP MOF, they could be sequentially employed for glucose detection purposes.

Engineered artificial metalloenzymes based on protein-templated Pt nanoclusters yield highly efficient nanozymes serving as redox catalysts.

Here, an oxygen self-supplying nanozyme-based injectable hydrogel is constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that the MTC gel has excellent antibiofilm ability with no side effects on normal tissues.

We have designed a highly efficient bismuth nanocluster supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon as a nanozyme (Bi-NC) for cancer therapy. At the same time, Bi-NC shows good photothermal conversion performance to generate heat for strengthening the therapy.

We engineer DTN-corbelled click chemistry to trigger a HCR assembling a large-scale of nanozymes for ratiometric fluorescence detection of DNA Dam. The biosensor displayed a low detection limit of 0.001 U mL⁻¹ for Dam MTase and was effective in real sample and methylation inhibitor screenings.

Inter-cluster conversion through the strategic tuning of external stimuli and thereby modulation of the optical properties of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) is an emerging domain for exploration.

The architecture of the hydrophobic dendritic block in linear-dendron amphiphiles is employed as a means to control the reactivity of self-assembled micellar nanoreactors.

An Fe(III)-incorporated porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer is reported as a nanozyme for the efficient detection of glucose via intrinsic peroxidase activity and amperometric detection of H₂O₂.

Carbon dot (CD)-based nanozymes have great potential in antibacterial applications through the design of the structure.

A multifunctional nanozyme that mimics tumor cell exosomes (CuPy-Au@EM) was fabricated in this work for achieving a highly effective and secure cancer radiotherapy regimen.

A synthetic Pt(II) complex self-assembles in water, exhibiting photo-induced specific oxidase enzyme-like properties. We demonstrate robust environmental remediation using the artificial enzyme equivalent under visible light and sunlight.

CeO₂ nanozymes dispersed for 7 days in simulated body fluids maintain excellent biocompatibility and antioxidant properties. This work provides an experimental basis to explain their in vivo therapeutic effectiveness against chronic inflammation.

Defining Pt nanodendrites as glucose oxidase-mimicking surrogates while establishing the most suitable calculation and detection approaches.

Schematic diagram of Ni₄Co₆ LDHs selectively killing Gram-negative bacteria and interacting with different bacterial membranes.

Targeted delivery of ceria nanozymes depletes oxidative stress in inflammatory macrophage cells and alleviates gouty arthritis symptoms by suppressing inflammatory signals.

A biodegradable nanoemulsion to encapsulate hydrophobic transition metal catalysts (TMCs) and perform intracellular bioorthogonal activation of prodrugs for anticancer therapy.

Novel composite nanoparticles mPt/ICG-αA, which combine catalase-like, photodynamic, photothermal, and α-amylase hydrolysis properties, have been developed for multidrug-resistant bacterial eradication and wound healing.

A Ce-MOF@PDA composite material with both iron-eliminating and antioxidant properties was developed.

Nanozymes based on the chemisorption of PdNPs nanocatalysts onto silica nanoparticles modified ITO for the colorimetric detection of glucose.

MoCu-2MI was synthesized using Mo-doped Cu-2MI and exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity through the co-catalytic Fenton reaction.

DNA can act as an auxiliary regulator via a straightforward incubation method with Fe–N–C SAzymes, causing a leap in the enzyme-like activity of Fe–N–C from moderate to a higher level.

Illustrated summary of the OC nanozyme and glyphosate detection with it.

Hydrophobic dirhodium complexes embedded into amphiphilic nanoparticles catalyse efficiently the in vitro formation of fluorescent and cytotoxic quinoxalines.

We present a Cu²⁺-nucleotide catalyst that enables ortho-hydroxylation reactions of phenols. The results provide evidence for the generation of HO₂^• radicals facilitated by a hydrogen bonding network. Notably, this system demonstrates improved thermostability.

We report the development of Zr/Ce-MOFs/DOX/MnO₂ as a new nanozyme for enhanced combination catalytic therapy and chemotherapy of cancer in vitro and in vivo.

The surface of latex nanoparticles was functionalized with ferrocene-based metallopolymers to obtain an efficient radical scavenger composite with remarkable colloidal stability.

We report the Sc³⁺-boosted photocatalytic oxidation of C-dots based on strong coordination and electron transfer for constructing a cascade colorimetric assay at broad pH.

An integrated iron-porphyrin-MOF-based nanozyme composite named HGPF was constructed for the intracellular glucose-initiated catalytic oxidation cascades and light-enhanced generation of ROS, synergistically amplifying cellular oxidative stress.

A microneedle patch has been developed to bridge the gap between H₂O₂ self-supplying chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, resulting in enhanced therapy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

This study prepared a ROS-mediated copper-ruthenium oxide (CuRuO_X) hybrid nanozyme (CuRuO_X@HA) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA).

Schematic diagram of the construction of AMGP and its application in the combination therapy of tumors.

Single-layer HNb₃O₈ with strong and nearby Lewis and Brønsted acid sites mimicking urease can excellently catalyze amide bond hydrolysis. This material even outperforms urease in urea hydrolysis at 50 °C due to its high thermal stability.

Fe₃N decorated on porous carbon frameworks via a one-step pyrolysis exhibited outstanding dual enzyme-mimicking activities for organic pollutant degradation and excess H₂O₂ removal without consuming additional resources and energy.

The Au@POM nanoparticles were facilely synthesized using a one-step method. The as-prepared Au@POMs have excellent GOx-like and HRP-like activities, allowing for fast cascade reactions and sensitive bacterial detections.

A systematic comparison of three catalysts with peroxidase and peroxidase-like activities revealed the trend of activity, stability and the effect of buffer and pH for the oxidation of TMB.

We propose an easy-to-operate nanozyme assay for the visual evaluation of AChE inhibition.