Themed collection 2024 Green Chemistry Reviews
Green chemistry startups: some lessons learned
There has been an explosive growth in environmentally driven startups in recent years.
Green Chem., 2025,27, 403-412
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC05187K
Perspective on direct seawater electrolysis and electrodesalination: innovations and future directions for mining green X
This perspective explores seawater electrolysis and electrodeionization, focusing on challenges and opportunities in production of green X.
Green Chem., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04930F
Glycerol and its derivatives as potential C-3 bio-based building blocks for accessing active pharmaceutical ingredients
Exploring the potential of renewable glycerol and its derivatives for the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients in light of regulatory constraints.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 10029-10057
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01957A
Challenges and perspectives on using acidic ionic liquids for biodiesel production via reactive distillation
Biodiesel, known as a renewable fuel, is an environmentally friendly energy source derived from animal and vegetable oils, as well as recycled oil.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 7718-7731
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01526F
A promise to a sustainable future: 10 years of the Green Chemistry Commitment at Beyond Benign
The Green Chemistry Commitment (GCC) was founded in 2013 to host a community of practice around green chemistry in higher education. 10 years later, the GCC empowers a worldwide community to use chemistry tools to create a sustainable planet.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6983-6993
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00575A
Ionic liquid-stabilized metal oxoclusters: from design to catalytic application
This perspective provides the design, stability and unique properties regarding ionic liquid-stabilized metal oxoclusters and their application in catalysis, and also illustrates the future development of ionic liquid-stabilized metal oxoclusters.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5127-5149
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00515E
A perspective on renewable production of amino acids from biomass through the chemocatalytic method
This perspective showcases recent advances in amino acid synthesis from biomass through the chemocatalytic method.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 4468-4476
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00846D
Polyester biodegradability: importance and potential for optimisation
To meet EU CO2 emission targets, we need to replace most fossil-derived plastics with renewable alternatives. To stop endless pollution by accumulating non degradable plastics we need future plastics to be closed-loop recyclable and/or biodegradable.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 3698-3716
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC04489K
Advancing sustainable end-of-life strategies for photovoltaic modules with silicon reclamation for lithium-ion battery anodes
Upcycling silicon from waste solar panels into Li-ion batteries as anodes is a potential solution to handle the ever-growing solar waste.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 3688-3697
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00357H
A perspective on nitrogen-doped carbon in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation
This manuscript provides basic knowledge regarding nitrogen-doped carbon materials and its application in the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and discusses the future development of nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 3139-3145
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00104D
The first-row transition metal-catalysed enantioconvergent radical Suzuki–Miyaura C(sp3)–C coupling of racemic alkyl halides
This perspective highlights recent advances and provides an outlook on future developments in the first-row transition metal catalysed enantioconvergent radical Suzuki–Miyaura C(sp3)−C coupling of racemic alkyl halides.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 2525-2533
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02793G
On the role of surfactants: rethinking “aqueous” chemistry
Some of the latest technological developments involving chemistry in water are discussed.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 739-752
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03875K
Multi-functional polyelectrolyte materials in photothermal interfacial evaporation for clean water production
This review summarizes the applications and distinctive functions of polyelectrolyte materials (PEMs) in photothermal interfacial evaporation for clean water production.
Green Chem., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05004E
Asymmetric electrosynthesis: emerging catalytic strategies and mechanistic insights
This review provides an overview of catalytic approaches in asymmetric electrosynthesis, including transition metal, organic small molecule, and chiral electrode catalysis, highlighting their advantages and future development prospects.
Green Chem., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05316H
Toward the next generation of sustainable aluminum-ion batteries: a review
This review explores the current research progress on aluminum-ion batteries, focusing on cathode materials according to their mechanisms, as well as anodes and electrolytes, while discussing current challenges and modification strategies.
Green Chem., 2025,27, 352-378
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04505J
Recent advances in bifunctional carbon-based single-atom electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
The review delves into six modulation strategies of carbon-based single-atom catalysts, emphasizing the relationship between electronic structure and performance to aid in the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for zinc–air batteries.
Green Chem., 2025,27, 293-324
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04687K
Rational modulation of cellulose for zinc ion-based energy storage devices
The distinctive structures and characteristics of cellulose render it a promising material for rational modulation in zinc-ion storage applications.
Green Chem., 2025,27, 325-351
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03525A
A comparative study of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
CMF is often referred to as the “new HMF” and is a superior intermediate between biomass and valuable chemicals because of the notable distinctions between it and HMF. The Cl group unlocks the potential of CMF in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Green Chem., 2025,27, 379-402
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04609A
Laser-induced carbonization technology towards biomass-derived carbon materials: mechanism, preparation and application
Green Chem., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05346J
Ionic liquids in polymer technology
Recent advancements in IL-based functional polymers, with particular focus on their applications in separation, energy storage, fire resistance, recycling, and biomedicine are highlighted.
Green Chem., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05445H
The chemistry of oleates and related compounds in the 2020s
In this tutorial review, the most important and actual issues of oleochemistry, including the preparation of oleates and related compounds and their transformation with and without breaking of the CC bond, are addressed and discussed.
Green Chem., 2025,27, 41-95
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04862H
Role of a hydrophobic microenvironment in catalytic C1 transformations
Hydrophobic catalysts or hydrophobic microenvironments can apparently enhance catalytic performance in C1 transformations by water removal or enhanced gas permeation.
Green Chem., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04181J
Pickering multiphase materials using plant-based colloidal lignin nanoparticles
A Pickering emulsion, stabilized by amphiphilic solid particles, is a highly functional and stable system that has attracted significant research interest.
Green Chem., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05713A
Advances in catalytic chemical recycling of synthetic textiles
Catalytic chemical depolymerisation is an emerging technology to recycle synthetic textiles and ultimately to enable a circular textile economy. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are reviewed.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11832-11859
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04768K
Review of carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical nitrate reduction and green ammonia synthesis
This work aims to review the latest developments in carbon-based electrocatalysts applied in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, including pure carbon materials, heteroatom doping or metal-bonding catalysts, and carbon substrate-supported composites.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11797-11831
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04640D
Advancing green chemistry in environmental monitoring: the role of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials designed to mimic the natural “lock and key” mechanism observed in biomolecular systems, such as the interactions between antibodies and antigens.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11490-11517
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03250K
The role of reticular chemistry in photoenzymatic reaction
Photoenzymatic catalysis faces challenges like low stability and recyclability. Reticular framework materials offer solutions by enabling enzyme protection and reuse. This review highlights recent advances, design strategies, and future directions.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11468-11489
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03991B
Fundamental, technical and environmental overviews of plastic chemical recycling
We review the fundamental knowledge and research advancements in chemically recycling different types of plastic, and highlight the current challenges and future opportunities in implementing these technologies to meet climate-neutral targets.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11444-11467
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03127J
Recent advances in N-formylation reaction for the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide
The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst systems applied in N-formylation reaction of amines and CO2 reaction from both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are summarized.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11106-11124
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04094E
Visible light-induced strain-release transformations of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
This review aims to provide an overview on the recent visible light-mediated strain-release transformations of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Prospects for future development of (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes in this fascinating field are outlined.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11083-11105
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03193H
Scaling up clean production of biomass-derived organic acids as a step towards the realization of dual carbon goals: a review
Biomass-derived organic acid for green and sustainable future.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 11061-11082
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03829K
Renewable lignocellulose based binders for advanced battery systems
The research potential and challenges of using lignocellulose and its derivatives as binder materials in advanced battery systems are summarized and forecast.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9993-10005
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02226B
Green and efficient separation of vanadium and chromium from high-chromium vanadium slag: a review of recent developments
Strategies for efficient extraction and separation of vanadium and chromium from high-chromium vanadium slag with green chemistry principles are summarized.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 10006-10028
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02192D
Recent catalytic innovations in furfural transformation
This review highlights recent advancements in the selective conversion of biomass-derived furfural to high-value platform chemicals over various heterogeneous catalytic systems.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9957-9992
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01983K
Progress in torrefaction pretreatment for biomass gasification
This paper reports on the dry and wet torrefaction pretreatment for upgrading low-rank biomass sources to enhance the gasification process with the benefits of H2-rich syngas production and tar reduction.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9652-9670
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03243H
Advances in photochemical/electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from carbon dioxide
This paper reviews progress in the photochemical/electrochemical construction of heterocyclic compounds using CO2, differentiating between various reaction types and elucidating their underlying mechanisms as well as potential applications.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9599-9618
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02829E
Covalent organic frameworks as heterogeneous photocatalysts for cross-coupling reactions
This review focuses on advances in covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalysts for cross-coupling reactions, which provide a greener catalytic route for organic transformations.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9619-9651
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03467H
High entropy materials: potential catalysts for electrochemical water splitting
A comprehensive overview of the use of HEM as a catalyst for HER, OER, and water splitting was provided.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9569-9598
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02329C
The development of lignin towards a natural and sustainable platform for optical materials
An overview and perspectives on the development of lignin as a raw material for optical materials are provided with the objective of opening up a new avenue for lignin valorization.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9281-9294
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02944E
Towards the sustainable production of biomass-derived materials with smart functionality: a tutorial review
Towards the sustainable production of biomass-derived materials with smart functionality.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9075-9103
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01771D
Balancing computational chemistry's potential with its environmental impact
Digital chemistry methods accelerated discoveries of sustainable processes but require assessing and minimizing their carbon footprint caused by the required computing power.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8669-8679
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01745E
Catalyst-free valorization of biomass resources to value-added products
An overview on the catalyst-free conversion of biomass resources into value-added products is provided. Significantly, the opportunities and challenges in the development of catalyst-free biomass conversion are proposed preliminarily.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8550-8563
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01541J
Photochemical upcycling and recycling of plastics: achievements and future opportunities
Recent developments in the photochemical upcycling and recycling of plastics.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8528-8549
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01556H
Transforming wastes into functional materials: natural cork-based physical structural components and polymers
This article systematically reviews the research progress on the natural structure and components of cork, as well as its derived functional polymers and structural components.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8615-8641
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01132E
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in clean processes and applications: a tutorial review
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) bridges organic and inorganic green chemistry since it is a strong non-oxidizing organic acid with a very low vapor pressure and forming highly soluble metal salts.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8583-8614
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02031F
Biomass-derived carbon-based catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass and waste valorisation: a circular approach
Within a circular approach, cost-effective, tailored and robust biomass-derived catalysts to convert biomass play a key role in biorefinery developments.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8642-8668
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00606B
Nonenzymatic ethanol production in sustainable ways
The recent advances in nonenzymatic ethanol production from petroleum, coal, natural gas, CO2, and biomass in sustainable ways are systemically reviewed.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8564-8582
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01584C
Symmetry-breaking structure electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia
This tutorial review highlights the advancement of the emerging electrocatalysts featuring unique symmetry-breaking structures for nitrate reduction to ammonia.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8145-8160
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC02069C
Demystifying the recent photochemical and electrochemical strategies in installing the magic methyl group: a comprehensive overview
The strategic installation of the “magic methyl” group has become highly desirable for drug discovery. This review summarized the recent photochemical and electrochemical strategies in installing the methyl group.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 8161-8203
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00848K
Recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode: an overview
This review introduces the structure and failure mechanism of lithium-ion batteries, followed by a systematic summary of recycling techniques, including direct, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical recovery.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 7656-7717
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01781A
A review on sustainable iron oxide nanoparticles: syntheses and applications in organic catalysis and environmental remediation
In this review paper, recent developments of iron oxide nanoparticles are highlighted and discussed in the field of organic catalysis and environmental remediation.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 7579-7655
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01870B
Green polyphenol-based photothermal interfacial evaporation systems toward solar water production
Distinct functions, multiple application forms and representative applications of green polyphenols in photothermal interfacial evaporation systems are comprehensively and systematically summarized.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6959-6982
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01486C
Nature-inspired batteries: from biomaterials to biomimetic design strategies
Bio-inspired materials and design serve as a source of inspiration for the design of electrodes, electrolytes, interfaces and devices, inducing flexibility, selective ionic transport, self-healing properties or biodegradability.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6944-6958
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00638K
The future nickel metal supply for lithium-ion batteries
This article reviews the supply of nickel metal for lithium-ion batteries with regard to its resources, reserves, extraction and recycling, and application.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6926-6943
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01980F
Biomass derived sulfonated carbon catalysts: efficient catalysts for green chemistry
BDSCCs, known as efficient solid acid catalysts with easy preparation and a green source, are anticipated to play a role in advancing circular and economic development in various sectors.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6361-6381
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00113C
Hydrogel-stabilized zinc ion batteries: progress and outlook
We explored effective solutions for enhancing the operational stability of ZIBs by designing hydrogel electrolytes that protect zinc anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6404-6422
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01465K
Polymer photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a mild oxidant and promising liquid fuel, has widespread application potential in energy and environment fields.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6382-6403
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01321B
Recent advances and perspectives of practical modifications of vanadium redox flow battery electrodes
Electrode modification of VRFB with “3Es”.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6339-6360
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00584H
Furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass: one-step and two-step strategies and techno-economic evaluation
The conversion of lignocellulose biomass to furfural can be performed using one-step and two-step strategies. A techno-economic analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating the overall economic feasibility of industrial-scale furfural production.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 6318-6338
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00883A
Covalent porous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2
This article reviews different types of covalent porous catalysts for eCO2RR, including their design principles, the latest progress and their structure–activity relationships reported in recent literature.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5744-5769
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00717D
Seaweed-based polysaccharides – review of extraction, characterization, and bioplastic application
Seaweed biomass is gaining industrial and economic momentum as a renewable feedstock for high-value products, including nutraceuticals, value-added chemicals and bioplastics.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5790-5823
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC04009G
Challenges and opportunities on sustainable electrochemical transformations: application towards the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and precursors of drug-like molecules
This article highlighted the recent demand for sustainable and resource efficient drug synthesis using electrochemical strategies.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5770-5789
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC04881K
Mass spectrometry in the age of green analytical chemistry
Vital aspects to consider when implementing green analytical chemistry in mass spectrometry.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 4975-4986
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC04624A
Recent progress in transition metal based catalysts and mechanism analysis for alcohol electrooxidation reactions
This article reviews recent advancements in AOR catalysts, emphasizing mechanistic studies through in situ characterization and DFT calculations to unravel the structure-performance correlation.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 4987-5003
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00227J
Progress in stabilizing zinc anodes for zinc-ion batteries using electrolyte solvent engineering
This review presents the research progress in the stabilization of Zn anodes using various solvents, including alcohols, amines, acetonitrile, lipids, ethers, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5004-5021
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00283K
Recent advances in the design of high-performance cobalt-based catalysts for dry reforming of methane
In this review, many strategies, such as improving metal dispersion, strengthening metal–support interaction, increasing CO2 adsorption and activation, promoting oxygen release/storage capacity, were proposed to improve catalytic performance of DRM.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5103-5126
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC05136F
Poly(ionic liquid)s: an emerging platform for green chemistry
This tutorial review provides a comprehensive and authoritative summary on the exciting research activities in the fields of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), covering their synthesis and their applications in a number of areas.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 5022-5102
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00202D
Optimized mass transfer in a Pt-based cathode catalyst layer for PEM fuel cells
Different strategies of mass transfer enhancement in a Pt-based cathode catalyst layer for PEM fuel cells.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 4432-4448
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC05033E
Constructing strain in electrocatalytic materials for CO2 reduction reactions
The formation of strain, the effect of strain on CO2 reduction reactions, and the recent advances in strain engineering for CO2 reduction reactions have been systemically reviewed.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 4449-4467
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC00514G
Syntheses and polymerization of monoterpene-based (meth)acrylates: IBO(M)A as a relevant monomer for industrial applications
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current scientific status of monomer and polymer synthesis, as well as the areas of application for (meth)acrylates based on monoterpenes, using the industrially available IBOMA as an example.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 4387-4416
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC04663J
About this collection
Welcome to our online collection of Green Chemistry Review articles. Here we feature Critical reviews, Tutorial reviews and Perspective articles published in 2024.
For more information about the different review types, please go to https://rsc.li/greenchem
Congratulations to all the authors whose articles are featured and we hope readers enjoy this collection.